Latest Advances In Orthopaedics

Arthritis A condition causing joint pain and inflammation affecting millions worldwide. While there are several types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout, some common symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Osteoarthritis It is often caused by joint cartilage's gradual wear and tear over time while the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. Conversely, gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Common symptoms of arthritis include stiffness (particularly in the morning), swelling, and warmth around the affected joints. Causes Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most dynamic medical specialities, with rapid and innovative advances in treatment and surgery. In a multicenter series of 347 non-selected TKA patients using various implants, only 62% were pain-free during gait, and 35% were pain-free whilst climbing or running. Symptoms Therefore, although TKA is already an effective surgery, the aim is now to improve patient satisfaction and functional outcomes. Different types of new technologies have been developed to enhance surgical accuracy, and as a result, the hope is that there will be an improvement in patient satisfaction after TKA. New Technologies Dr Praveen Nandwana, Senior Consultant Joint Replacement (Hip and Knee), MBBS, DNB (Orthopedics), HCG Hospitals, Ahmedabad, shares that recently, promising new technologies have been developed in knee arthroplasty and could improve the functional outcomes.

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Alopecia areata: Causes, diagnosis and treatments

Alopecia areata is a condition that causes hair loss in small, round patches. The exact cause of alopecia areata is not well understood, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles. Here is an overview of the causes, diagnosis, and treatments for alopecia areata: Causes: Autoimmune Response: The leading theory is that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system mistakenly identifies hair follicles as foreign invaders and attacks them, leading to hair loss. Genetics: There is evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition to alopecia areata. Individuals with a family history of autoimmune diseases or alopecia areata may be at a higher risk. Environmental Factors: Some environmental factors, such as viral or bacterial infections, may trigger the onset of alopecia areata in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Diagnosis: Clinical Examination: A healthcare professional, typically a dermatologist, wi...

Why stress happens and how to manage it

Stress is a natural response to challenges or demands, and it can manifest in various aspects of life. The causes of stress, often referred to as stressors, can be categorized into different areas: Work-related stress: High job demands, lack of control, long working hours, job insecurity, and conflicts with colleagues can contribute to work-related stress. Life events: Major life changes such as marriage, divorce, moving to a new place, the death of a loved one, or financial difficulties can be significant stressors. Personal stressors: Internal factors like perfectionism, negative thinking patterns, low self-esteem, and a lack of coping skills can contribute to stress. Environmental stressors: Factors such as noise, pollution, overcrowding, and other environmental conditions can also play a role in stress. Managing stress involves a combination of lifestyle changes, coping strategies, and sometimes professional assistance. Here are some strategies to manage stress: Identify an...

How often to work out for health, strength, and weight loss

The frequency of workouts for health, strength, and weight loss can vary based on individual goals, fitness levels, and preferences. Here are some general guidelines: Health: Cardiovascular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, spread throughout the week. This could include activities like brisk walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling. Strength Training: Include strength training exercises for major muscle groups at least two days per week. This can involve weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, or resistance training. Strength: Strength Training: To build and maintain muscle strength, aim for at least two to three sessions per week. Allow for a day of rest between sessions for muscle recovery. Progressive Overload: Gradually increase the intensity of your strength training by adding more weight or resistance over time. Weight Loss: Cardiovascular Exercise: Include at least 150–300...

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