Human Health Hub

An allergic reaction is an exaggerated immune response to a substance that is generally not harmful to most people. The substance that triggers the allergic reaction is called an allergen. Common allergens include certain foods, pollen, insect stings, medications, and various environmental factors. When an individual with allergies comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system perceives it as a threat and responds by releasing chemicals such as histamines. These chemicals lead to the symptoms associated with allergies. Allergic reactions can vary widely in severity, ranging from mild symptoms like sneezing and itching to severe and life-threatening reactions known as anaphylaxis. Common symptoms of an allergic reaction may include: Skin reactions: Itching, hives, eczema, or swelling. Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a runny or stuffy nose. Digestive symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. Eye symptoms: Redness,...

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that can occur in people with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. Psoriatic arthritis can affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The progression of psoriatic arthritis can vary widely among individuals, and the disease can manifest in different stages. It's important to note that not everyone with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis. The stages and progression of psoriatic arthritis may include the following: Early Stage: Mild Symptoms: In the early stages, individuals may experience mild symptoms, such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Limited Joint Involvement: Initially, the arthritis may affect only a few joints, commonly the fingers or toes. Progressive Stage: Worsening Symptoms: Over time, the symptoms may progress and become more severe. Joint pain and swelling can increase, and stiffness may become more pronounced. Expanded Joint Involvement: The ar...

Arthritis A condition causing joint pain and inflammation affecting millions worldwide. While there are several types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout, some common symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. Osteoarthritis It is often caused by joint cartilage's gradual wear and tear over time while the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. Conversely, gout is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Common symptoms of arthritis include stiffness (particularly in the morning), swelling, and warmth around the affected joints. Causes Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most dynamic medical specialities, with rapid and innovative advances in treatment and surgery. In a multicenter series of 347 non-selected TKA patients using various implants, only 62% were pain-free during gait, and 35% were pain-free whilst climbing or running. Symptoms Therefore, although TKA is already an effective surgery, the aim is...