Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that can occur in people with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. Psoriatic arthritis can affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The progression of psoriatic arthritis can vary widely among individuals, and the disease can manifest in different stages. It's important to note that not everyone with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis.
The stages and progression of psoriatic arthritis may include the following:
Early Stage:
Mild Symptoms: In the early stages, individuals may experience mild symptoms, such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Limited Joint Involvement: Initially, the arthritis may affect only a few joints, commonly the fingers or toes.
Progressive Stage:
Worsening Symptoms: Over time, the symptoms may progress and become more severe. Joint pain and swelling can increase, and stiffness may become more pronounced.
Expanded Joint Involvement: The arthritis may affect additional joints, including larger joints such as the knees, ankles, and wrists.
Tendon and Ligament Involvement: Psoriatic arthritis can also involve the entheses, where tendons and ligaments attach to bones. This can lead to enthesitis, causing pain and inflammation.
Severe/Advanced Stage:
Joint Damage: Without proper management, psoriatic arthritis can lead to joint damage and deformities. This may result in reduced joint function and mobility.
Permanent Joint Changes: In severe cases, there may be permanent changes to the affected joints, such as joint erosion and destruction.
Extra-Articular Involvement:
Psoriatic arthritis can also affect tissues and organs outside the joints, leading to conditions such as uveitis (inflammation of the eye), inflammatory bowel disease, and skin involvement beyond psoriasis.
Fluctuating Symptoms:
Psoriatic arthritis symptoms may not always progress linearly. Patients may experience periods of flares, where symptoms worsen, and periods of remission, where symptoms improve or temporarily disappear.
Cervical cancer, once a major health concern for women worldwide, is now experiencing a significant decline in its prevalence and impact. Thanks to advancements in medical research, increased awareness, and the implementation of effective preventive measures, the battle against cervical cancer is making remarkable progress. This article explores the current state of the fight against cervical cancer, highlighting the reasons behind its declining ranks as one of the leading cancers affecting women. Understanding Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is primarily caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. The virus can lead to abnormal cell growth in the cervix, which, if left undetected or untreated, can progress to cervical cancer over time. Historically, cervical cancer has been a significant health concern, with high incidence rates and mortality
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