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Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. It can occur in both men and women, but it is far more common in women. Here's an overview of breast cancer, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options: Symptoms: Lump in the Breast: The most common symptom is a painless lump or thickening in the breast or underarm. Changes in Breast Size or Shape: Any noticeable changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast may be a cause for concern. Unexplained Pain: Persistent pain or discomfort in the breast or nipple that is not related to the menstrual cycle or injury. Changes in Skin Texture: Skin changes on the breast, such as redness, dimpling, or puckering. Changes in Nipple Appearance: Changes in the nipple, such as inversion (turning inward), swelling, or discharge. Nipple or Breast Pain: While breast cancer is usually painless, some individuals may experience pain or tenderness. It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than breast cancer. However, if you notice any changes in your breasts, it's crucial to see a healthcare professional for evaluation. Causes: The exact cause of breast cancer is not known, but several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Some of these risk factors include: Gender and Age: Being female and advancing in age are the primary risk factors. Family History: Having a close relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer increases the risk. Inherited Gene Mutations: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of breast cancer. Personal History: A history of breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast diseases can increase the risk. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women may increase the risk. Reproductive Factors: Early onset of menstruation, late menopause, and late first pregnancy or never having been pregnant can be associated with an increased risk. Treatment: The treatment of breast cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the type of breast cancer, and other individual factors. Common treatment options include: Surgery: Removal of the tumor or the entire breast (mastectomy). Radiation Therapy: Use of high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Hormone Therapy: Blocking hormones that fuel certain types of breast cancer. Targeted Therapy: Targeting specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer.
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