Measles Causes,Symptoms And Treatment

Causes: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected person. It can spread easily through coughing and sneezing. Measles is most common in children but can affect individuals of any age who are not immune. Symptoms: Fever: Measles typically starts with a high fever, often reaching 104-105°F (40-40.6°C). Cough: A persistent cough is a common symptom. Runny Nose: An inflamed and runny nose is often present. Conjunctivitis: Red and watery eyes, also known as conjunctivitis, may occur. Koplik's Spots: Small, white spots with a bluish-white center may appear inside the mouth, known as Koplik's spots. Rash: A characteristic red, blotchy rash usually begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. Treatment: Supportive Care: There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles, so medical care typically focuses on alleviating symptoms and providing supportive care. Rest and Hydration: Adequate rest and maintaining proper hydration are essential for recovery. Fever Control: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and alleviate discomfort. Isolation: Infected individuals should be isolated to prevent the spread of the virus to others, especially those who are unvaccinated or at higher risk. Vitamin A: In some cases, vitamin A supplementation may be recommended, particularly in areas where vitamin A deficiency is common, to reduce the risk of complications. Prevention: Vaccination: The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles. It is typically administered in two doses, the first at age 12-15 months and the second at 4-6 years. Herd Immunity: Achieving high vaccination coverage in the community helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants and individuals with certain medical conditions. Hand Hygiene: Practicing good hand hygiene, including regular handwashing, can help prevent the spread of the virus.