Both the common cold and the flu (influenza) are respiratory illnesses caused by different viruses, and while they share some similar symptoms, there are key differences between the two.
Common Cold:
Causative Agents: The common cold is typically caused by various viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common. Other viruses such as coronaviruses and adenoviruses can also cause colds.
Onset and Duration: Colds usually have a gradual onset of symptoms and are generally milder compared to the flu. Symptoms typically last for about one to two weeks.
Symptoms: Common cold symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat, and mild body aches.
Fever: Fever is uncommon in adults with a cold but may be present in children.
Flu (Influenza):
Causative Agents: Influenza is caused by influenza viruses, primarily influenza A and B. There are different strains of influenza viruses that can circulate each flu season.
Onset and Duration: The onset of flu symptoms is usually abrupt and can be severe. The duration of flu symptoms can last for about one to two weeks, with fatigue and weakness lasting longer.
Symptoms: Flu symptoms are more systemic and can include a sudden onset of fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, cough, sore throat, and a runny or stuffy nose.
Complications: The flu can lead to more severe complications, such as pneumonia, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.
The common cold and the flu may seem similar at first. They’re both respiratory illnesses and can cause similar symptoms. But different viruses cause these two conditions.
Your symptoms can help you tell the difference between them.
Both a cold and the flu share a few common symptoms. People with either illness often experience:
runny or stuffy nose
sneezing
body aches
general fatigue
As a rule, flu symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms.
Another distinct difference between the two is how serious they are. Colds rarely cause other health conditions or problems. But the flu can lead to:
sinusitis
ear infections
pneumonia
sepsis
If your symptoms are severe, you may want to confirm either a cold or flu diagnosis. Your doctor will run tests that can help determine what’s behind your symptoms.
During the COVID-19 epidemic, call ahead for the protocol on visiting a doctor in person or having a online visit.
Cold and flu symptoms should also be treated with care due to their overlap with COVID-19 symptoms.
If your doctor diagnoses a cold, you’ll only need to treat your symptoms until the virus has run its course. These treatments can include:
using over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications
staying hydrated
getting plenty of rest
For the flu, taking flu medicine early in the virus’ cycle may help reduce severity of the illness and shorten the time that you’re sick. Rest and hydration are also beneficial for people with the flu.
Much like the common cold, the flu often just needs time to work its way through your body.
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